U.S. sends mixed signals: military admits its technology is vulnerable:
Iraq may have also bought Czech or Ukrainian acoustic sensors that can uncloak stealth aircraft. Or it could scatter heat-generating decoys that fool heat-seekers on missiles and infrared sensors on aircraft.
These tactics have been seen before. The Serbs used them to blunt NATO attacks in 1999. …
Low-tech ingenuity could also come in handy, with air defense crews scanning night skies for attacking aircraft using spotlights powered by diesel generators – impervious to failures of the electrical grid, said Michael O’Hanlon, defense analyst with the Brookings Institution. …
A Russian company, Aviaconversia, has exhibited GPS jamming systems at military trade shows, claiming they could cripple GPS systems throughout Iraq. The $4,000 devices on display were less worrisome than powerful GPS jammers apparently available on the international arms market, said Bob Martinage, an analyst with the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments.
“We know our GPS systems are vulnerable to jamming because we’ve jammed them ourselves with disturbing ease,” said Hewson of Jane’s. “If you don’t know where you are, you have a real problem.” …
Despite NATO’s sophisticated sensors and guided weapons, the Serbs safeguarded most of their planes and tanks by replacing them with decoys crafted from plastic sheeting, tires and logs. Some decoys cradled heaters that mimicked engine emissions.
NATO bombed hundreds of the dummies. Yugoslavs also simulated troop positions with portable heaters left on empty hillsides to dupe infrared sensors. Had a ground war been ordered, NATO would have faced a largely intact Yugoslav army.
“Our sensors haven’t improved in any significant ways since Kosovo,” O’Hanlon said. “You can try to be aware of decoys, but that doesn’t help if you can’t tell the difference between the real thing and a fake.”
Serbs also greeted NATO air attacks by firing simple anti-hail rockets – meant to warm hail-bearing clouds and make them rain, said Jeremy Binnie, an Iraq analyst with Jane’s Information Group. Although the basic rockets posed little harm to aircraft, pilots who saw them on radar often aborted their missions, Binnie said.
“Certainly the Iraqis have been working on these techniques, using civilian areas to shelter troops, mixing military vehicles with civilian ones, learning to confuse our surveillance,” said Anthony Cordesman, a military analyst with the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Some speculate that Iraq may even be able to uncloak radar-evading U.S. aircraft like the F-117 Nighthawk fighter and the B-2 bomber.
The State Department alleged in November that Iraq obtained stealth-exposing Ukrainian radar that can triangulate an aircraft’s position by the sounds it makes. Analysts say it’s also possible Iraq got a similar Czech-made system called Tamara.